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Discuss the merits of government’s decision to bar taxpayers earning more than Rs 10 lakh per annum from availing of subsidy on LPG cylinder sales. (200 Words)

Government has finally changed its status quo of voluntary “Give it up” slogan to mandatory debarring citizens who have income above 10 lakh per annum to avail LPG subsidy. This is said to be a major step to restructure the overall method of subsidy. 
Few merits are:
1) Beginning of progressive structure for subsidies.
2) Fund saved can be used for other basic necessities of life like Health, Agriculture whose share in Budget has been low.
3) Would lead to lesser consumption of LPG & subsequently lesser wastage in households devoid of subsidy.
4) Nearly all LPG is through imports, CAD can be expected to go further low.
5) Misuse of subsidized cylinders to be stopped.
6) Will make the government to think on other subsidies which may also be removed like electricity, etc.

Apart from this, Government should take more steps to reduce the reliance on LPG & switch to cleaner forms of fuels whose funds can be taken from the cash subsidy saved in the new scheme. Creating a team for R&D should now be the immediate step by Government as the LPG prices are not expected to stay low in years to come, and with the growth of GDP along with depreciation of rupee, 10lpa income slab might not be sufficient in years to come.

Critically analyse the merits and demerits of Facebook’s “Free Basics” service offer in India. (200 Words)

Free basics is an initiative by Facebook where certain Internet services will be provided free of cost to everyone. In India, reliance Telecom has partnered with Facebook where Facebook will act as a gatekeeper and Reliance will be the service provider.

Demerits of Free basics:
-Free basics covers selected websites and ignores other websites and content providers. Thus it goes against principle of net neutrality.
-In the long run free basics can be misused for price manipulation for providing same services which once used to be free.
- It also helps one particular service provider, for example Reliance telecom will use it for promoting its services thus discriminating other service providers like BSNL, Aircel, Airtel etc.
-The nexus between "service providers" and "content providers" might be misused for anti-state propaganda.

Merits:
-Its not neutral internet if majority doesn't have access to it.Free basics will work on this principle.
-India is a large country where basic internet services are still to be made available to millions and especially to the rural India.Hence free basics will make an inclusive internet regime. This ultimately will lead to people empowerment.
-Recently GoI launched Digital India program. Free basics will help in making this programme effective by providing last mile connectivity.

Thus the debate boils down to "access" vs "neutrality". In absence of " access to internet " there is a lack of "internet inclusiveness" where as violating net neutrality will ultimately create a "digital caste system". Given India's current digital ambitions free basics certainly augments the government work,besides being pro-poor. However it goes wrong on many commercial and regulatory fronts. Hence first a strict regulatory regime, periodic government scrutiny over contents being provided and having a say over the websites selection should precede before allowing any such initiative.

Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Birds of Prey in Africa and Eurasia

The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has given its approval to sign Memoranda of Understanding (MOU) on the Conservation of Migratory Birds of Prey in Africa and Eurasia, also called the ‘Raptor MOU‘ with the Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS).

• With the signing of this MOU, India will become the 54th signatory to the MOU.

About Raptor MoU:

• The Raptor MOU is an agreement under the Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS) and is not legally binding.
• The MOU seeks willingness of the signatory Range States for working for conservation of the raptor species and their habitats. Under this, an action plan has been formulated which primarily envisages the conservation action for Raptor species.
• The Raptors MoU extends its coverage to 76 species of birds of prey out of which 46 species including vultures, falcons, eagles, owls, hawks, kites, harriers, etc. also occur in India.
• Raptor MOU was concluded on in October 2008 and came into effect on 1st November 2008.
• India’s neighbours Pakistan and Nepal are also signatories to this MOU.

Benefits for India:

Considering that the Raptor MOU is also in conformity with the provisions of the existing Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, wherein the birds have been accorded protection, India would gain domain knowledge which would be helpful in effectively managing the habitats of these Raptors, including concerted trans-boundary efforts for conservation through interaction with other range countries by signing of the MOU with the CMS.

The CMS or Bonn Convention, under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), aims to conserve migratory species throughout their range. India had become a party to the CMS since 1st November 1983.

sources: pib.

Criticas argue that there are many different ways by which internet can be made available to vast majority of unconnected people in developing countries rather than opting for Facebook’s Free Basics offer. Discuss. (200 Words)

The different ways other than the zero rating apps which can make internet accessible for all are-

1.Some amount of data should be provided free of cost or at discounted rates and the companies paying for it should get only a 'brought to you by' attribution.This model is being practiced in many African countries and Middle Eastern countries.

2.People watch ads in order to get access to other websites.Mozilla is working with Grameenphone in Bangladesh where users get 20 MB data free after watching short ads.

3.When financially well off people recharge their internet account, they can be asked to donate small amounts of money (Rs 1 to Rs 10) for providing internet services to the poor.

4.Donating money towards free internet access for the poor should be encouraged as a part of CSR initiative of the telecom companies.

5.Effective utilization of the Universal Service Obligation Fund which has been lying unutilized as indicated in the recent CAG report.

6.Even modification in the zero rating schemes like delinking free internet access from specific content and limit it by volume or time.

7.Increasing competition and countering monopolies will automatically reduce the cost of access to internet and even the poor will be able to afford it.

Increasing the income of people through higher economic growth is a long term solution to make internet accessible to all.

18 States agree to revoke ‘no detention policy’ in RTE

A committee headed by Rajasthan Education Minister Vasudev Devnani has sent recommendations to the Central government, stating that the ‘no detention policy’ under the Right to Education (RTE) Act should be revoked.

• The committee had received the consent of 18 States for required amendments in the ‘no detention policy’ under the Right to Education (RTE) Act.
• Under the no detention policy, no student can be failed or expelled till Class VIII. However, States, including Rajasthan, have already done away with the policy.

What has the committee recommended?

• The committee, formed by the Central government, stated that a ‘learning level’ must be fixed for each class to check whether a student is eligible for the class that he or she is in.
• The committee also notes, “Students must not be detained in Classes VI and VII. However, they must meet the required ‘learning levels’. A month’s time would be given to students to retake tests and attain the required learning levels, failing which the students would have to be detained.”

What next?

• Now, for this to happen, the Centre will have to amend the Right To Education law — which prescribes the no-detention policy for students till Class 8.

A key component of the RTE Act, the no-detention policy was enforced on April 1, 2010, with the intention of ensuring that every child between the age of six and 14 gets a school education.

sources: the hindu