Ans1:
Solid waste consists of everyday items discarded by the people. It does not include electronic or medical wastes. With urbanization and increase in population, solid waste generated is bound to grow. The governments vision of creating smart cities and rejuvenating existing cities and also providing urban services in rural areas mean that solid waste generated in India will grow tremendously.
Solid waste has economic, environmental, social and health consequences. Environmentally, poor handling of solid waste results in contamination of ground water, reduces soil fertility, polluted water bodies and indiscriminate incineration results in air pollution and release of green house gases. These environmental concerns result in health consequences especially for the vulnerable and poor sections who are more exposed to this problem. Health issues increase the out of pocket expenditure of the people and has detrimental effect on their social security.
There are different models for solid waste management. South Africa outsources the work to private players and makes them accountable through concrete data analysis mechanism. Scandinavian countries are known for their expertise in producing huge amounts of energy from solid waste. In India, municipal bodies are responsible for managing the waste. Waste to energy is still in nascent stages. Landfill and incineration are major methods. Recycling has not been encouraged sufficiently. Moreover, an informal economy thrives in the recycling business of solid waste.
Presently, the policy guidelines for solid waste management are haphazardously, over lapping and lack clarity. No clear delineation of work is done. Accountability mechanism are minimal. Economic analysis of solid waste management is not done and as a result most of the burden borne by the municipal bodies. Instead polluter pays principle should be adopted. Emphasis on recycling through formalizing the informal sector. Building awareness among people. The swatch Bharat abhiyan is a right move in this direction and this has to be channeled into effective solid waste management.
By-Aj
Ans2:
Solid waste refers to solid or semi solid, insoluble material(including gases and liquids in containers) such as agricultural refuse,demolition waste,mining waste,municipal garbage and sewage sludge.
The magnitude of solid waste in India is on a a rise because of rapid population growth, urbanization and unchecked pollution. This has resulted in improper disposal of solid waste to improper waste management.
The following are the problems that arise from improper solid waste management :
1. Environment pollution : Improper solid waste management leads to soil, water and air pollution. Soil pollution is caused due to contamination of soil by untreated solid waste. Flooding and water run off from soil to water bodies results in water pollution and disposal of industrial and domestic solid waste to water bodies. Improper burning of solid waste leads to air pollution.
2. Health hazards : Improper waste management leads to health hazards and a greater tendencies of outbreak of epidemics like diarrhea,cholera,etc. Rag pickers and people living in and around the waste disposal sites form the most vulnerable group.
Currently in India there are two methods for SWM :
1. Sanitary landfill : This includes digging of land and filling it with treated solid waste. But with increased land cost, unavailability of land and high operational cost this method becomes more difficult to operate. Further, untreated waste disposed in landfills by the municipalities leads to soil contamination.
2. Incineration : The incineration methods used is highly inefficient.
The main problems faced is that the municipalities don't have proper the quantity of waste generated and a cost planning. Moreover, lack of reuse of reusable material and improper segregation leads to disposal of even recyclable materials. Lack of accountability on the part of citizens and industries also results in unchecked population.
For India to achieve its dream of economic development and environment sustainability , it is important that solid waste management is done in an efficient way through PPP(public private participation model). The Swach Bharat Abhiyaan is a positive step in this regard. It is important to promote and follow the 4Rs- refuse, reduce, reuse , replace for the people to generate less solid waste. New more efficient solid management methods should also be evolved.
By-Pooja.
Solid waste consists of everyday items discarded by the people. It does not include electronic or medical wastes. With urbanization and increase in population, solid waste generated is bound to grow. The governments vision of creating smart cities and rejuvenating existing cities and also providing urban services in rural areas mean that solid waste generated in India will grow tremendously.
Solid waste has economic, environmental, social and health consequences. Environmentally, poor handling of solid waste results in contamination of ground water, reduces soil fertility, polluted water bodies and indiscriminate incineration results in air pollution and release of green house gases. These environmental concerns result in health consequences especially for the vulnerable and poor sections who are more exposed to this problem. Health issues increase the out of pocket expenditure of the people and has detrimental effect on their social security.
There are different models for solid waste management. South Africa outsources the work to private players and makes them accountable through concrete data analysis mechanism. Scandinavian countries are known for their expertise in producing huge amounts of energy from solid waste. In India, municipal bodies are responsible for managing the waste. Waste to energy is still in nascent stages. Landfill and incineration are major methods. Recycling has not been encouraged sufficiently. Moreover, an informal economy thrives in the recycling business of solid waste.
Presently, the policy guidelines for solid waste management are haphazardously, over lapping and lack clarity. No clear delineation of work is done. Accountability mechanism are minimal. Economic analysis of solid waste management is not done and as a result most of the burden borne by the municipal bodies. Instead polluter pays principle should be adopted. Emphasis on recycling through formalizing the informal sector. Building awareness among people. The swatch Bharat abhiyan is a right move in this direction and this has to be channeled into effective solid waste management.
By-Aj
Ans2:
Solid waste refers to solid or semi solid, insoluble material(including gases and liquids in containers) such as agricultural refuse,demolition waste,mining waste,municipal garbage and sewage sludge.
The magnitude of solid waste in India is on a a rise because of rapid population growth, urbanization and unchecked pollution. This has resulted in improper disposal of solid waste to improper waste management.
The following are the problems that arise from improper solid waste management :
1. Environment pollution : Improper solid waste management leads to soil, water and air pollution. Soil pollution is caused due to contamination of soil by untreated solid waste. Flooding and water run off from soil to water bodies results in water pollution and disposal of industrial and domestic solid waste to water bodies. Improper burning of solid waste leads to air pollution.
2. Health hazards : Improper waste management leads to health hazards and a greater tendencies of outbreak of epidemics like diarrhea,cholera,etc. Rag pickers and people living in and around the waste disposal sites form the most vulnerable group.
Currently in India there are two methods for SWM :
1. Sanitary landfill : This includes digging of land and filling it with treated solid waste. But with increased land cost, unavailability of land and high operational cost this method becomes more difficult to operate. Further, untreated waste disposed in landfills by the municipalities leads to soil contamination.
2. Incineration : The incineration methods used is highly inefficient.
The main problems faced is that the municipalities don't have proper the quantity of waste generated and a cost planning. Moreover, lack of reuse of reusable material and improper segregation leads to disposal of even recyclable materials. Lack of accountability on the part of citizens and industries also results in unchecked population.
For India to achieve its dream of economic development and environment sustainability , it is important that solid waste management is done in an efficient way through PPP(public private participation model). The Swach Bharat Abhiyaan is a positive step in this regard. It is important to promote and follow the 4Rs- refuse, reduce, reuse , replace for the people to generate less solid waste. New more efficient solid management methods should also be evolved.
By-Pooja.
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